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==Key==
==Key==
These are the keys for IPA and English pronunciation respelling, an alternative to IPA that does not represent dialects or accents.
These are the keys for broad English IPA and English pronunciation respelling.  Both transcriptions are reasonably broad in scope, not being too dependent on any one accent of English.


*To display a formatted English pronunciation respelling when defining pronunciation, use [[Template:Respell]].
*To display a formatted English pronunciation respelling when defining pronunciation, use [[Template:Respell]].
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| {{IPA|d}}
| {{IPA|d}}
| ''d''
| ''d''
| '''d'''o, o'''dd'''
| '''d'''o, o'''dd''', '''Dh'''arma
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ð}}
| {{IPA|ð}}
| ''dh''
| ''dh''
| '''th'''is, brea'''the''', fa'''th'''er
| '''th'''is, brea'''th'''e, fa'''th'''er
|-
|-
| {{IPA|dʒ}}
| {{IPA|dʒ}}
| ''j''
| ''j''
| '''g'''in, '''j'''oy, e'''dge'''
| '''j'''oy, '''g'''in, bri'''dg'''e, e'''d'''ucate, a'''dj'''ust
|-
|-
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|f}}
| ''f''
| ''f''
| '''f'''ool, enou'''gh''', lea'''f'''
| '''f'''ool, lea'''f''', la'''ugh''', '''ph'''one, sa'''pph'''ire
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| ''g''
| ''g''
| '''g'''o, '''g'''et, be'''g'''
| '''g'''et, e'''gg''', '''gh'''ost, '''gu'''ess
|-
|-
| {{IPA|h}}
| {{IPA|h}}
| ''h''
| ''h''
| '''h'''am, a'''h'''ead
| '''h'''am, a'''h'''ead, '''wh'''o
|-
| {{IPA|hw}}
| ''wh''
| '''wh'''ale, '''Ju'''an<br />(also analyzed as {{IPA|ʍ}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|j}}
| {{IPA|j}}
| ''y''
| ''y''
| '''y'''es
| '''y'''es, on'''i'''on, f'''j'''ord
|-
|-
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|k}}
| ''k''
| ''k''
| '''c'''at, '''k'''ill, s'''k'''in, '''q'''ueen, thi'''ck'''
| '''c'''at, '''k'''ill, s'''k'''in, thi'''ck''', '''q'''ueen, a'''cq'''uaint, s'''ch'''ool
|-
|-
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|l}}
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| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|m}}
| ''m''
| ''m''
| '''m'''an, ha'''m'''
| '''m'''an, ha'''m''', bo'''mb'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|n}}
| {{IPA|n}}
| ''n''
| ''n''
| '''n'''o, ti'''n'''
| '''n'''o, o'''n''', '''gn'''arl, '''kn'''ife, '''pn'''eumonic
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
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| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|p}}
| ''p''
| ''p''
| '''p'''en, s'''p'''in, ti'''p'''
| s'''p'''in, ti'''p''', hicco'''ugh'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|ɹ}}
| ''r''
| ''r''
| '''r'''un, ve'''r'''y
| '''r'''un, ve'''r'''y, '''rh'''yme, '''wr'''ench
|-
|-
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| ''s'' or ''ss''
| ''s'' or ''ss''
| '''s'''ee, '''c'''ity, pa'''ss'''
| '''s'''ee, pa'''ss''', '''c'''ity, '''sc'''ent, ca'''st'''le, '''ps'''ych
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| ''sh''
| ''sh''
| '''sh'''e, '''s'''ure, emo'''ti'''on, lea'''sh'''
| '''sh'''e, lea'''sh''', ma'''ch'''ine, mi'''ssi'''on, o'''ce'''an, con'''sci'''ence, emo'''ti'''on, '''s'''ure
|-
|-
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|t}}
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| {{IPA|tʃ}}
| {{IPA|tʃ}}
| ''ch''
| ''ch''
| '''ch'''air, na'''t'''ure, tea'''ch'''
| '''ch'''air, tea'''ch''', ha'''tch''', bas'''ti'''on, na'''t'''ure, ki'''tsch'''
|-
| {{IPA|θ}}
| ''th''
| '''th'''ing, tee'''th''', Ma'''tth'''ew
|-
|-
| {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|v}}
| ''v''
| ''v''
| '''v'''oice, ha'''ve'''
| '''v'''oice, ha'''v'''e, o'''f''', Ste'''ph'''en
|-
|-
| {{IPA|w}}
| {{IPA|w}}
| ''w''
| ''w''
| '''w'''e
| '''w'''e, peng'''u'''in
|-
| {{IPA|x}}
| ''kh''
| '''ch'''utzpah, lo'''ch'''<br />(alternative pronunciations with {{IPA|h}} or {{IPA|k}}, depending on the word)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| ''z''
| ''z''
| '''z'''oo, ro'''s'''e
| '''z'''oo, ro'''s'''e, '''x'''ylophone, de'''ss'''ert
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʒ}}
| {{IPA|ʒ}}
| ''zh''
| ''zh''
| plea'''s'''ure, vi'''si'''on, bei'''g'''e
| vi'''si'''on, a'''z'''ure, plea'''s'''ure, bei'''g'''e, '''Zh'''ivago
|-
| {{IPA|θ}}
| ''th''
| '''th'''ing, tee'''th'''
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ˈ}}  
| {{IPA|ˈ}}  
| Represented by<br>capitalizing the syllable.
| Represented by<br>CAPITALIZING the syllable.
| rowspan="2" | '''in'''to'''na'''tion (/ˌɪn.tɵˈneɪ.ʃən/)
| '''ac'''cent ({{IPA|ˈæk.sənt}})<br/>(primary stress)
|-
| {{IPA|ˌ}}
| Represented by<br><small>CAPITALIZING AND SHRINKING</small> the syllable.
| '''in'''to'''na'''tion ({{IPA|ˌɪn.tɵˈneɪ.ʃən}})<br/>(secondary stress, if any)
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Syllable|Syllable break]]
|-
| {{IPA|.}}
| Represented by<br>a dash between syllables.<br/>See [[Template:Respell|<nowiki>{{respell}}</nowiki>]].
| (may be omitted immediately before {{IPA|ˈ}} or {{IPA|ˌ}})
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
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! IPA !! Respelling symbol(s) !! Examples
! IPA !! Respelling symbol(s) !! Examples
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowel]]s
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel length|Short]] [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowel]]s
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɪ}} || ''i'' or ''ih'' || b'''i'''d, p'''i'''t
| {{IPA|ɪ}} || ''i'' or ''ih'' || b'''i'''d, pr'''e'''tty, s'''ie'''ve, b'''u'''sy, b'''ui'''ld, cr'''y'''pt
|-
|-
| {{IPA|iː}} || ''ee'' || b'''ea'''d, p'''ea'''t
| {{IPA|ɛ}} || ''e'' or ''eh'' || b'''e'''d, s'''ai'''d, thr'''ea'''d, fr'''ie'''nd
|-
|-
| {{IPA|i}} || ''ee'' || happ'''y''', cit'''y'''
| {{IPA|æ}} || ''a'' || b'''a'''d, pl'''ai'''d<br />(words like ''b'''a'''th'' can have this or {{IPA|ɑː}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɛ}} || ''e'' || b'''e'''d, p'''e'''t
| {{IPA|ɒ}} || ''o'' || c'''o'''t, sw'''a'''t<br />(words like ''cl'''o'''th'' can have this or {{IPA|ɔː}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|æ}} || ''a'' || b'''a'''d, p'''a'''t
| {{IPA|ʌ}} || ''u'' or ''uh'' || b'''u'''d, h'''o'''ney, fl'''oo'''d, s'''ou'''thern
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɑː}} || ''ah'' or ''aa'' || b'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''
| {{IPA|ʊ}} || ''uu'' || g'''oo'''d, p'''u'''t, w'''o'''lf
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɒ}} || ''o'' || b'''o'''d, p'''o'''t, c'''o'''t
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel length|Long]] [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowel]]s
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɔː}} || ''aw'' || b'''aw'''d, p'''aw''', c'''augh'''t
| {{IPA|iː}} || ''ee'' || '''e'''ve, b'''ea'''d, f'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, p'''eo'''ple, un'''i'''que, th'''ie'''f
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʊ}} || ''oo'' || g'''oo'''d, f'''oo'''t, p'''u'''t
| {{IPA|ɑː}} || ''ah'' or ''aa'' || f'''a'''ther, br'''aa'''twurst, p'''al'''m<br />(words like ''b'''a'''th'' can have this or {{IPA|æ}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|uː}} || '''''oo''''' || b'''oo'''ed, f'''oo'''d  
| {{IPA|ɔː}} || ''aw'' || s'''au'''ce, str'''aw''', c'''augh'''t, t'''al'''k, br'''oa'''d, th'''ough'''t<br />(words like ''cl'''o'''th'' can have this or {{IPA|ɒ}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʌ}} || ''u'' || b'''u'''d, b'''u'''tt
| {{IPA|uː}} || ''oo'' || f'''oo'''d, m'''o'''ve, sh'''oe''', s'''ou'''p, thr'''ough'''
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]]s
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]]s
|-
|-
| {{IPA|eɪ}} || ''ay'' || b'''ay''', h'''ey''', f'''a'''te
| {{IPA|(j)uː}} || ''ew'' || b'''eau'''ty, f'''eu'''d, n'''ew''', v'''iew''', l'''u'''te, c'''ue''', imp'''ug'''n, H'''ugh''', s'''ui'''t<br/>(also analyzed as {{IPA|ɪu}}; pronunciation with or without {{IPA|j}} depends on word and accent)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɑɪ}} || ''eye'' || b'''uy''', h'''igh''', r'''i'''de, wr'''i'''te
| {{IPA|ɪə}} || ''eeə'' || th'''ea'''tre, id'''ea''', r'''ea'''l<br/>(alternative pronunciations with {{IPA|iː.ə}} or {{IPA|iː}}, depending on the word)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɑʊ}} || ''ow'' || b'''ough''', h'''ow''', p'''ou'''t  
| {{IPA|eɪ}} || ''ay'' || f'''a'''te, M'''ae''', l'''ai'''d, str'''aigh'''t, g'''ao'''l, b'''ay''', su'''e'''de, gr'''ea'''t, v'''ei'''n, f'''eig'''n, w'''eigh'''t, h'''ey'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɔɪ}} || ''oy'' || b'''oy''', h'''oy'''  
| {{IPA|ɛə}} || ''ayə'' || gr'''aha'''m, m'''ayo'''nnaise, y'''eah'''<br/>(also analyzed as {{IPA|eə}}; alternative pronunciations with {{IPA|eɪ.ə}} or {{IPA|æ}}, depending on the word)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|oʊ}} || ''oh'' or ''oe'' || b'''eau''', h'''oe''', p'''o'''ke
| {{IPA|aɪ}} || ''eye'' || r'''i'''de, l'''ie''', sk'''y''', d'''ye''', th'''igh''', h'''ei'''st, h'''eigh'''t, s'''ig'''n, b'''uy''', samur'''ai''', M'''ay'''an
|-
|-
| {{IPA|juː}} || ''ew'' || b'''eau'''ty, h'''ue''', p'''ew''', d'''ew'''
| {{IPA|aʊ}} || ''ow'' || p'''ou'''t, h'''ow''', b'''ough''', T'''ao'''ist, sauerkr'''au'''t
|-
| {{IPA|ɔɪ}} || ''oy'' || h'''oi'''st, b'''oy'''
|-
| {{IPA|oʊ}} || ''oh'' or ''oe'' || p'''o'''ke, s'''oa'''p, h'''oe''', s'''ou'''l, thr'''ow''', th'''ough''', f'''ol'''k, y'''eo'''man, m'''au'''ve, b'''eau'''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Triphthong|Triphthong]]
|-
| {{IPA|aɪə}} || ''eyeə'' || d'''ia'''mond, sc'''ie'''ntific<br/>(alternative pronunciations with {{IPA|aɪ.ə}} or {{IPA|aɪ}}, depending on the word)
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Vowel length|Short]] [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowel]]s with [[wikipedia:Syllable|Coda]] R
|-
| {{IPA|ɪɹ}} || ''irr'' || m'''irr'''or, l'''yr'''ics
|-
| {{IPA|ɛɹ}} || ''err'' || m'''err'''y, b'''ur'''y
|-
| {{IPA|æɹ}} || ''arr'' || m'''arr'''y, ch'''ar'''acter
|-
| {{IPA|ɒɹ}} || ''orr'' || m'''or'''al, w'''arr'''ant, L'''awr'''ence
|-
| {{IPA|ʌɹ}} || ''urr'' || h'''urr'''y, th'''or'''ough, fl'''our'''ish
|-
| {{IPA|ʊɹ}} || ''uurr'' || c'''our'''ier
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:R-colored vowel|R-colored vowel]]s
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:R-colored vowel|R-colored vowel]]s
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɪr}} || ''irr'' || m'''irr'''or
| {{IPA|ɪəɹ}} || ''eer'' || d'''ear''', b'''eer''', s'''er'''ious, p'''ier'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɪər}} || ''eer'' || b'''eer''', m'''ere'''
| {{IPA|ɛəɹ}} || ''air'' || ch'''air''', M'''ar'''y, pr'''ayer''', b'''ear''', th'''eir''', wh'''er'''e<br/>(also analyzed as {{IPA|eəɹ}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɛr}} || ''err'' || b'''err'''y, m'''err'''y
| {{IPA|ɑːɹ}} || ''ar'' or ''ahr'' || b'''ar''', st'''arr'''y, h'''ear'''th, s'''er'''geant
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɛər}} || ''air'' || b'''ear''', m'''are''', M'''ar'''y
| {{IPA|ɔːɹ}} || ''or'' or ''awr'' || h'''or'''se, w'''ar'''t, dinos'''aur''', dr'''awer'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ær}} || ''arr'' || b'''arr'''ow, m'''arr'''y
| {{IPA|ɔəɹ}} || ''oar'' or ''ohr'' || h'''oar'''se, ch'''or'''e, f'''our''', f'''or'''ce, d'''oor''', s'''wor'''d<br/>(also analyzed as {{IPA|oəɹ}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɑr}} || ''ar'' || b'''ar''', m'''ar'''  
| {{IPA|ɜːɹ}} || ''ur'' || t'''er'''m, th'''ir'''d, f'''urr'''y, m'''yr'''tle, '''ear'''th, w'''or'''m, sc'''our'''ge<br/>(alternative pronunciations with separate {{IPA|ɛɹ}}, {{IPA|ɪɹ}} and {{IPA|ʌɹ}} depending on word and accent)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɒr}} || ''orr'' || m'''or'''al, f'''or'''age
| {{IPA|ʊəɹ}} || ''oor'' || b'''oor''', t'''our'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɔr}} || ''or'' or ''awr'' || b'''or'''n, f'''or'''
| {{IPA|(j)ʊəɹ}} || ''eur'' || n'''eur'''al, p'''ur'''e<br/>(also analyzed as {{IPA|ɪʊəɹ}}; pronunciation with or without {{IPA|j}} depends on word and accent)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʌr}} || ''urr'' || h'''urr'''y, M'''urr'''ay
| {{IPA|aɪəɹ}} || ''ire'' || m'''ir'''e, p'''yr'''e, f'''ier'''y
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʊər}} || ''oor'' || b'''oor''', m'''oor'''  
| {{IPA|aʊəɹ}} || ''owr'' || sc'''our''', s'''our'''
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɜr}} || ''ur'' or ''ər''<br>at the end of words || b'''ir'''d, m'''yrrh''', f'''urr'''y <br />(alternatively {{IPA|/ɝː/}})
| {{IPA|ɔɪəɹ}} || ''oir'' || c'''oir'''
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Unstressed and reduced vowels in English|Reduced vowels]]
! colspan="3" | [[wikipedia:Unstressed and reduced vowels in English|Reduced vowels]]
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ɨ}} || ''ə'' || ros'''e'''s, busin'''e'''ss  
| {{IPA|ə}} || ''ə'' || Ros'''a'''’s, '''a'''bove, ev'''e'''n, tal'''o'''n, fam'''ou'''s, circ'''u'''s
|-
| {{IPA|ɨ}} || ''i'' or ''ih'' || sav'''a'''ge, capt'''ai'''n, ros'''e'''s, busin'''e'''ss, for'''eig'''n, rabb'''i'''t, lett'''u'''ce<br />(also analyzed as {{IPA|ᵻ}}, {{IPA|ɪ̈}} or {{IPA|ɨ̞}})
|-
| {{IPA|i}} || ''ee'' || happ'''y''', vall'''ey''', Charl'''ie''', coff'''ee''', del'''i''', poss'''e''', Murr'''ay'''
|-
| {{IPA|ɵ}} || ''o'' || ge'''o'''graphic, mel'''o'''dy
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ə}} || ''ə'' || Ros'''a'''’s, '''a'''bove
| {{IPA|ʉ}} || ''uu'' || t'''o'''morrow<br />(also analyzed as {{IPA|ᵿ}}, {{IPA|ʊ̈}} or {{IPA|ʉ̞}})
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ər}} || ''ər'' || runn'''er''', merc'''er''' <br /> (alternatively {{IPA|/ɚ/}})
| {{IPA|əɹ}} || ''ər'' || runn'''er''', cent'''re''', gramm'''ar''', auth'''or''', col'''our''', Arth'''ur''', mart'''yr'''
|}
|}
|}
|}
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*First and foremost is not to rely on existing notions of how a word is ''spelled''. Take a moment to review the following examples and note how the spelling in English is drastically different from the spellings in IPA.
*First and foremost is not to rely on existing notions of how a word is ''spelled''. Take a moment to review the following examples and note how the spelling in English is drastically different from the spellings in IPA.
** {{Exp|ˈpɪk.tʃər|Picture}}
** {{Exp|ˈpɪk.tʃəɹ|Picture}}
** {{Exp|ˈli.ʒər|Leisure}}
** {{Exp|ˈli.ʒəɹ|Leisure}}
** {{Exp|ˈpɔr.ʃən|Portion}}
** {{Exp|ˈpɔɹ.ʃən|Portion}}
** {{Exp|kɔt|Caught}}
** {{Exp|kɔt|Caught}}
** {{Exp|ˈkɑn.tɛkst|Context}}
** {{Exp|ˈkɑn.tɛkst|Context}}
** {{Exp|fɑɪt|Fight}}
** {{Exp|faɪt|Fight}}


*Each syllable needs at least one vowel.
*Each syllable needs at least one vowel.
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'''Consonants:'''
'''Consonants:'''
[[File:IPA_CHART.gif|thumb|The phonemes /r/ and /ɹ/ are interchangeable; /ʍ/ is present only in varieties that have not undergone the [[wikipedia:Phonological_history_of_wh#Wine-whine_merger|wine-whine merger]].|550px|right]]
[[File:IPA CHART.gif|thumb|The phonemes /r/ and /ɹ/ are interchangeable; /ʍ/ is present only in varieties that have not undergone the [[wikipedia:Phonological_history_of_wh#Wine-whine_merger|wine-whine merger]].|550px|right]]
* '''Manner of Articulation:'''
* '''Manner of Articulation:'''
** '''Stops:''' A consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The sound is produced at, and cannot be made after, the initial expulsion of air.
** '''Stops:''' A consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The sound is produced at, and cannot be made after, the initial expulsion of air.
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