In Ocarina of Time, the '''Six Sages''' are six inhabitants of Hyrule who hold the power that will allow Link to reach [[Ganon's Castle]] and seal the [[Ganondorf|King of Evil]] into the [[Sacred Realm]]. After seizing the [[Triforce]] and becoming the ruler of [[Hyrule]], [[Ganondorf]] starts persuing and imprisioning the sages so they cannot aid the [[Hero of Time]]. The sages are: [[Rauru]], from the [[Hylian]]; [[Saria]], from the [[Kokiri]]; [[Darunia]], from the [[Goron|Gorons]]; [[Ruto]], from the [[Zora]]; [[Impa]], from the [[Sheikah]]; and [[Nabooru]], from the [[Gerudo]]. [[Princess Zelda]] is later refered as the seventh sage.
{{Infobox Group
|image=
{{Media
|Screenshot OoT= File:OoT Six Sages.png
|Screenshot OoT3D= File:OoT3D Six Sages.png
|Screenshot TP= File:TP Six Sages.png
|Screenshot TPHD= File:TPHD Six Sages.png
|Screenshot TotK= File:TotK Six Sages.png
}}
|caption=
|game= OoT, TWW, TP, TotK
|other= SSBB
|race=
|era= {{List|{{Term|Series|Era of the Hero of Time|link}}, {{Term|Series|Child Era|link}}, {{Term|Series|Twilight Era|link}}}}
The {{Term/Store|Six Sages||Series, OoT, OoT3D, TP, TPHD}} are a recurring group in {{TLoZ|Series}}.{{Exp Game|OoT, TP}}<ref>{{Cite Book|quote= |book= E |publisher= |page= 25 {{Exp Game|OoT, OoT3D, TP, TPHD}}}}</ref>{{Name Ref|TotK, SSBB}} The {{Term|Series|Six Sages}} go unnamed in {{TWW}}.
After Link defeats [[Ganon]] with the [[Master Sword]], Zelda and the sages join their powers and seal the King of Evil into the [[Sacred Realm]].
==Biography==
==={{OoT|-}}===
With exception of their leader, {{Term|OoT3D|Princess Zelda|link}}, who acts as the seventh {{Term|OoT3D|Sage}}, each of the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}} is established to have their own associated {{Term|OoT3D|Element|link}}, an accompanying symbol and appropriately-themed {{Term|OoT3D|Temple|link}}. At times of peace, there are no {{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}}, only those who could become them if evil takes control over {{Term|OoT3D|Hyrule|link}}. If that happens, the {{Term|OoT3D|Sacred Realm|link}} sends out a call to them, awakening the destined ones as {{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}}.<ref>{{Cite|When evil rules all, an awakening voice from the Sacred Realm will call those destined to be Sages, who dwell in the five temples. One in a deep forest... One on a high mountain... One under a vast lake... One within the house of the dead... One inside a goddess of the sand... Together with the Hero of Time, the awakened ones will bind the evil and return the light of peace to the world... This is the legend of the temples passed down by my people, the Sheikah.|Sheik|OoT}}</ref> Usually, the {{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}}-to-be have no knowledge about their status until they are awakened. An exception to this is the seventh {{Term|OoT3D|Sage}}, who is always a member of the {{Term|OoT3D|Royal Family of Hyrule|link}},{{Fact}} keepers of much of {{Term|OoT3D|Hyrule|link}}'s history.
In [[Twilight Princess]], all of the Six Sages appear as spiritual forms of old men.
As revealed by {{Term|OoT3D|Rauru|link}}, the original {{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}} were the ones who built the {{Term|OoT3D|Temple of Time|link}} to protect the {{Term|OoT3D|Triforce|link}} against those who would use it for evil.<ref>{{Cite|The three goddesses hid the Triforce containing the power of the gods somewhere in Hyrule. The power to grant the wish of the one who holds the Triforce in his hands. If someone with a righteous heart makes a wish, it will lead Hyrule to a golden age of prosperity.... If someone with an evil mind has his wish granted, the world will be consumed by evil...That is what has been told.... So, the ancient Sages built the Temple of Time to protect the Triforce from evil ones.|Rauru|OoT}}</ref> The {{Term|OoT3D|Triforce}} was hidden in the {{Term|OoT3D|Temple of Light|link}}, the only {{Term|OoT3D|Temple}} for the {{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}} to be built in the {{Term|OoT3D|Sacred Realm}}. While each of their {{Plural|OoT3D|Temple}} seem to grant access to it, only the {{Term|OoT3D|Temple of Time}} is meant to do so for non-{{Plural|OoT3D|Sage}}. Therefore, it was protected with a seal controlled by the {{Term|OoT3D|Master Sword|link}}, which evil cannot touch, and the {{Term|OoT3D|Door of Time|link}}, which could not be opened unless one possessed the three {{Plural|OoT3D|Spiritual Stone|link}}, the {{Term|OoT3D|Ocarina of Time (Item)|link}} and knowledge of the "{{Term|OoT3D|Song of Time|link}}".<ref>{{Cite|I am Rauru, one of the ancient Sages... Ages ago, we ancient Sages built the Temple of Time to protect the entrance to the Sacred Realm... This is the Chamber of Sages, inside the Temple of Light... The Temple of Light, situated in the very center of the Sacred Realm, is the last stronghold against Ganondorf's evil forces. The Master Sword--the evil-destroying sword that you pulled out of the Pedestal of Time--was the final key to the Sacred Realm.|Rauru|OoT}}</ref>
{{Term|OoT3D|Ganondorf|link}} managed to bypass these safeguards by manipulating {{Term|OoT3D|Link|link}} into doing the work for him. After seizing the {{Term|OoT3D|Triforce}} and corrupting the {{Term|OoT3D|Sacred Realm}}, he caused that corruption to seep into the {{Plural|OoT3D|Temple}} of the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}}, which became infested with all kinds of {{Plural|OoT3D|Monster|link}},<ref>{{Cite|But, remember... Though you opened the Door of Time in the name of peace... Ganondorf, the Gerudo King of Thieves, used it to enter this forbidden Sacred Realm! He obtained the Triforce from the Temple of Light, and with its power, he became the King of Evil... His evil power radiated from the temples of Hyrule, and in seven short years, it transformed Hyrule into a world of monsters. My power now has only little influence, even in this Sacred Realm... Namely, this Chamber of Sages. But there is still hope... The power of the Sages remains. When the power of all the Sages is awakened... The Sages' Seals will contain all the evil power in the void of the Realm... I, Rauru, am one of the Sages... And... Your power to fight together with the Sages makes you the Hero of Time! The Hero of Time, chosen by the Master Sword! Keep my spirit with you... And, find the power of the other Sages and add their might to your own!|Rauru|OoT}}</ref> so that the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}} would not be able to fulfill their duty and aid {{Term|OoT3D|Link}}.<ref>{{Cite|One Sage is waiting for the time of awakening in the Forest Temple. The Sage is a girl I am sure you know...Because of the evil power in the temple, she cannot hear the awakening call from the Sacred Realm... Unfortunately, equipped as you currently are, you cannot even enter the temple... But, if you believe what I'm saying, you should head to Kakariko Village... Do you understand, Link?|Sheik|OoT}}</ref> Led by {{Term|OoT3D|Rauru}}'s and {{Term|OoT3D|Sheik|link}}'s instructions, {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} managed to cleanse the {{Plural|OoT3D|Temple}} and help each {{Term|OoT3D|Sage}} to gain their power. Upon {{Term|OoT3D|Rauru}}'s advice, he then returned to the {{Term|OoT3D|Temple of Time}}, where he found {{Term|OoT3D|Sheik}} waiting. His mysterious ally revealed himself to be none other than {{Term|OoT3D|Princess Zelda|link}}, keeper of the {{Term|OoT3D|Triforce of Wisdom|link}} and the seventh {{Term|OoT3D|Sage}}. The reunion was cut short when {{Term|OoT3D|Ganondorf}} abducted {{Term|OoT3D|Princess Zelda}}, challenging {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} to a final battle.
The {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}} helped {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} first by creating a {{Term|OoT3D|Rainbow Bridge|link}} for Link to use to get {{Term|OoT3D|Inside Ganon's Castle|link}}. {{Term|OoT3D|Rauru}} used the moment to inform {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} of the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Evil Barriers|link}} that {{Term|OoT3D|Ganondorf}} erected to protect himself against the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}}.<ref>{{Cite|Link...can you hear me? It's Rauru, the Sage. We six will gather our power to create a bridge to the castle where Ganondorf dwells... The castle's keep, which is known as Ganon's Tower, is protected by six evil barriers. Bring down the six barriers and save Princess Zelda!!|Rauru|OoT}}</ref> {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} destroyed them, clearing the path to {{Term|OoT3D|Ganondorf}}. When {{Term|OoT3D|Link}} defeated him in the form of {{Term|OoT3D|Ganon|link}}, the {{Term|OoT3D|Six Sages}} joined their powers with {{Term|OoT3D|Princess Zelda}}'s and sealed the King of Evil into the {{Term|OoT3D|Sacred Realm}}.
{{Gallery List|Characters|caption= Members
|OoT= Darunia<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Fire|link}}, Impa<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Shadow|link}}, Nabooru<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Spirit|link}}, Princess Ruto<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Water|link}}, Rauru<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Light|link}}, Saria<br/>{{Term|Series|Sage of Forest|link}}
}}
==={{TWW|-}}===
Though they do not appear directly, {{Term|TWWHD|Stained Glass|link}} depictions of the {{Term|TWWHD|Six Sages}} from the {{Term|TWWHD|Era of the Hero of Time|link}} can be seen in the chamber where the {{Term|TWWHD|Master Sword|link}} is kept in {{Term|TWWHD|Hyrule Castle|link}}.
The {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} appear as ethereal forms of old men, serving under their leader, {{Term|TPHD|Princess Zelda|link}}. Curiously, these {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} do not actually have faces, as they instead wear {{Plural|TPHD|Mask|link}} that float in front of their concave heads.<ref>{{Cite Guide|quote= |game= TPHD |publisher= Prima |page= 16}}</ref>
The {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} reside in the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror Chamber|link}} in the {{Term|TPHD|Arbiter's Grounds (Dungeon)|link}}. Near the end of the {{Term|TPHD|Child Era|link}}, {{Term|TPHD|Ganondorf|link}} was put to trial by the {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} in the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror Chamber}}.<ref>{{Cite|In all of his fury and might, he was blind to any danger, and thus was he exposed, subdued, and brought to justice.|Sage|TPHD}}</ref> However, despite having been struck by the {{Term|TPHD|Sword of the Sages|link}} in an attempt to execute him, {{Term|TPHD|Ganondorf}} was able to break free of his shackles using the {{Term|TPHD|Triforce of Power|link}}, killing the {{Term|Series|Sage of Water|link}} in the process.<ref>{{Cite|By some divine prank, he, too, had been blessed with the {{Color|TPHD Red|chosen power of the gods}}. His abiding hatred and lust for power turned to purest malice...|Sage|TPHD}}</ref> The {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} then quickly proceeded to exile {{Term|TPHD|Ganondorf}} to the {{Term|TPHD|Twilight Realm|link}} via the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror of Twilight|link}}, located at the rear of the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror Chamber|display=Chamber}}.
After {{Term|TPHD|Link|link}} and {{Term|TPHD|Midna|link}} find the shattered {{Term|TPHD|Mirror of Twilight}} in the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror Chamber}}, the {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} make their appearance and explain that {{Term|TPHD|Zant|link}} fragmented the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror of Twilight|display=Mirror}} with the help of {{Term|TPHD|Ganondorf}}'s {{Term|TPHD|Magic|link}}, not having been able to completely shatter it due to him being the false king of the {{Term|TPHD|Twilight Realm}}.<ref>{{Cite|You seek it...but the {{Color|TPHD Red|Mirror of Twilight}} has been fragmented by {{Color|TPHD Red|mighty magic}}.|Sage of Forest|TPHD}}<br/>{{Cite|That magic is a {{Color|TPHD Red|dark}} power that only {{Color|TPHD Red|he}} possesses.|Sage of Spirit|TPHD}}<br/>{{Cite|His name is... {{Color|TPHD Red|Ganondorf}}.|Sage of Light|TPHD}}</ref> The {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} then reveal the location of the three missing {{Plural|TPHD|Mirror Shard|link}}: {{Term|TPHD|Snowpeak|link}}, the {{Term|TPHD|Sacred Grove|link}}, and the {{Term|TPHD|City in the Sky|link}}.<ref>{{Cite|Only the {{Color|TPHD Red|true leader}} of the {{Color|TPHD Red|Twili}} can utterly destroy the {{Color|TPHD Red|Mirror of Twilight}}...so Zant could merely break it into pieces. Once broken by magic, the {{Color|TPHD Red|Mirror of Twilight}} became {{Color|TPHD Red|fragments}}, which even now lie {{Color|TPHD Red|hidden across the land of Hyrule}}. One is in the {{Color|TPHD Red|snowy mountain heights}}... One is in an {{Color|TPHD Red|ancient grove}}... And one is in {{Color|TPHD Red|the heavens}}...|Six Sages|TPHD}}</ref> Following the advice of the {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}}, {{Term|TPHD|Link}} and {{Term|TPHD|Midna}} find the {{Plural|TPHD|Mirror Shard}} and use them to reform the {{Term|TPHD|Mirror of Twilight}} once again, where the {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} reveal that {{Term|TPHD|Midna}} is the true Twilight Princess and ruler of the {{Term|TPHD|Twili|link}}.<ref>{{Cite|I hope you can find it in yourself to forgive our carelessness... O {{Color|TPHD Red|Twilight Princess}}.|Six Sages|TP}}</ref>
Although the North American English localization of the game states that the {{Term|TPHD|Six Sages}} were {{Term|TPHD|Princess Zelda}}'s tutors,<ref>{{Cite|The sages... Those sages once served the [[Hylian Royal Family|royal family]], actually. They were appointed as tutors to the young [[Princess Zelda]].|Auru|TP}}</ref> the Japanese version of {{TP|-}} says that {{Term|TPHD|Auru|link}} tutored her instead.<ref>{{Cite|{{Romanize|実は、老輩はその昔、ハイラル王家に仕え ゼルダ様のご幼少のみぎりに 教育係を仰せつかっておりましてな||The truth is, I used to serve the Hyrule Royal Family by being the one appointed to educate Princess Zelda when she was young.|2}}|Auru|TP|Japanese version}}</ref>
==={{TotK|-}}===
[[File:TotK Great Plateau Six Sages.png|thumb|right|320px|The remaining members of the {{Term|TotK|Six Sages}} watching as {{Term|TotK|Zelda}} transforms into the {{Term|TotK|Light Dragon}} and flies into the {{Term|TotK|Sky}}]]
{{Stub|TotK}}
The {{Term|TotK|Six Sages}} are a group from {{Term|TotK|Hyrule Kingdom|link}}'s distant past. They served the first {{Term|TotK|King of Hyrule|link}}, {{Term|TotK|Rauru|link}} during the {{Term|TotK|Imprisoning War|link}} against {{Term|TotK|Ganondorf|link}}.
====List of the {{Term|TotK|Six Sages}}====
{{Data Table
|game= TotK
|columns= Element[Term], {{Term|TotK|Imprisoning War}}[Term], {{Term|TotK|Era of the Wilds}}[Term]
|-
| Wind
| Sage of Wind
| Tulin
|-
| Fire
| Sage of Fire
| Yunobo
|-
| Water
| Sage of Water
| Sidon
|-
| Lightning
| Sage of Lightning
| Riju
|-
| Spirit
| Mineru
| Mineru
|-
| Time
| Sage of Time
| Zelda
}}
==Other Appearances==
==={{SSBB|-}}===
{{Noncanon|Start}}
The {{Term|SSBB|Six Sages}} appear as a [[Trophy (Super Smash Bros.)|Trophy]] in {{SSBB}}.
====Trophy Information====
{{SSBTrophy|SSBB|header=yes}}
{{#section:Trophies in Super Smash Bros. Brawl|Sage}}
|}
{{Noncanon|End}}
==Nomenclature==
{{Nomenclature}}
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:TPSages.jpg|The {{Term|TP|Six Sages}} in the {{Term|TP|Mirror Chamber}} from {{TP|-}}
File:SSBB Sages Trophies.png|The {{Term|SSBB|Six Sages}} of the late {{Term|SSBB|Child Era}} from {{SSBB|-}}
With exception of their leader, Princess Zelda, who acts as the seventh Sage, each of the Six Sages is established to have their own associated Element, an accompanying symbol and appropriately-themed Temple. At times of peace, there are no Sages, only those who could become them if evil takes control over Hyrule. If that happens, the Sacred Realm sends out a call to them, awakening the destined ones as Sages.[2] Usually, the Sages-to-be have no knowledge about their status until they are awakened. An exception to this is the seventh Sage, who is always a member of the Royal Family of Hyrule,[citation needed] keepers of much of Hyrule's history.
As revealed by Rauru, the original Sages were the ones who built the Temple of Time to protect the Triforce against those who would use it for evil.[3] The Triforce was hidden in the Temple of Light, the only Temple for the Sages to be built in the Sacred Realm. While each of their Temples seem to grant access to it, only the Temple of Time is meant to do so for non-Sages. Therefore, it was protected with a seal controlled by the Master Sword, which evil cannot touch, and the Door of Time, which could not be opened unless one possessed the three Spiritual Stones, the Ocarina of Time and knowledge of the "Song of Time".[4]
Ganondorf managed to bypass these safeguards by manipulating Link into doing the work for him. After seizing the Triforce and corrupting the Sacred Realm, he caused that corruption to seep into the Temples of the Six Sages, which became infested with all kinds of Monsters,[5] so that the Six Sages would not be able to fulfill their duty and aid Link.[6] Led by Rauru's and Sheik's instructions, Link managed to cleanse the Temples and help each Sage to gain their power. Upon Rauru's advice, he then returned to the Temple of Time, where he found Sheik waiting. His mysterious ally revealed himself to be none other than Princess Zelda, keeper of the Triforce of Wisdom and the seventh Sage. The reunion was cut short when Ganondorf abducted Princess Zelda, challenging Link to a final battle.
The Six Sages helped Link first by creating a Rainbow Bridge for Link to use to get Inside Ganon's Castle. Rauru used the moment to inform Link of the Six Evil Barriers that Ganondorf erected to protect himself against the Six Sages.[7]Link destroyed them, clearing the path to Ganondorf. When Link defeated him in the form of Ganon, the Six Sages joined their powers with Princess Zelda's and sealed the King of Evil into the Sacred Realm.
The Six Sages appear as ethereal forms of old men, serving under their leader, Princess Zelda. Curiously, these Six Sages do not actually have faces, as they instead wear Masks that float in front of their concave heads.[8]
After Link and Midna find the shattered Mirror of Twilight in the Mirror Chamber, the Six Sages make their appearance and explain that Zant fragmented the Mirror with the help of Ganondorf's Magic, not having been able to completely shatter it due to him being the false king of the Twilight Realm.[11] The Six Sages then reveal the location of the three missing Mirror Shards: Snowpeak, the Sacred Grove, and the City in the Sky.[12] Following the advice of the Six Sages, Link and Midna find the Mirror Shards and use them to reform the Mirror of Twilight once again, where the Six Sages reveal that Midna is the true Twilight Princess and ruler of the Twili.[13]
Although the North American English localization of the game states that the Six Sages were Princess Zelda's tutors,[14] the Japanese version of Twilight Princess says that Auru tutored her instead.[15]
Tears of the Kingdom
The remaining members of the Six Sages watching as Zelda transforms into the Light Dragon and flies into the Sky
This section of the page is incomplete. You can help Zelda Wiki by expanding it.
Beings that help maintain order in the world. The sage are wise ancients that protect the Mirror of Twilight, which connects in the light and twilight worlds. They are the ones that imprisoned Ganondorf in the Twilight Realm and are also those responsible for crafting the Master Sword. They feature strange floating masks but vary in appearance from title to title.
↑"When evil rules all, an awakening voice from the Sacred Realm will call those destined to be Sages, who dwell in the five temples. One in a deep forest... One on a high mountain... One under a vast lake... One within the house of the dead... One inside a goddess of the sand... Together with the Hero of Time, the awakened ones will bind the evil and return the light of peace to the world... This is the legend of the temples passed down by my people, the Sheikah." — Sheik (Ocarina of Time)
↑"The three goddesses hid the Triforce containing the power of the gods somewhere in Hyrule. The power to grant the wish of the one who holds the Triforce in his hands. If someone with a righteous heart makes a wish, it will lead Hyrule to a golden age of prosperity.... If someone with an evil mind has his wish granted, the world will be consumed by evil...That is what has been told.... So, the ancient Sages built the Temple of Time to protect the Triforce from evil ones." — Rauru (Ocarina of Time)
↑"I am Rauru, one of the ancient Sages... Ages ago, we ancient Sages built the Temple of Time to protect the entrance to the Sacred Realm... This is the Chamber of Sages, inside the Temple of Light... The Temple of Light, situated in the very center of the Sacred Realm, is the last stronghold against Ganondorf's evil forces. The Master Sword--the evil-destroying sword that you pulled out of the Pedestal of Time--was the final key to the Sacred Realm." — Rauru (Ocarina of Time)
↑"But, remember... Though you opened the Door of Time in the name of peace... Ganondorf, the Gerudo King of Thieves, used it to enter this forbidden Sacred Realm! He obtained the Triforce from the Temple of Light, and with its power, he became the King of Evil... His evil power radiated from the temples of Hyrule, and in seven short years, it transformed Hyrule into a world of monsters. My power now has only little influence, even in this Sacred Realm... Namely, this Chamber of Sages. But there is still hope... The power of the Sages remains. When the power of all the Sages is awakened... The Sages' Seals will contain all the evil power in the void of the Realm... I, Rauru, am one of the Sages... And... Your power to fight together with the Sages makes you the Hero of Time! The Hero of Time, chosen by the Master Sword! Keep my spirit with you... And, find the power of the other Sages and add their might to your own!" — Rauru (Ocarina of Time)
↑"One Sage is waiting for the time of awakening in the Forest Temple. The Sage is a girl I am sure you know...Because of the evil power in the temple, she cannot hear the awakening call from the Sacred Realm... Unfortunately, equipped as you currently are, you cannot even enter the temple... But, if you believe what I'm saying, you should head to Kakariko Village... Do you understand, Link?" — Sheik (Ocarina of Time)
↑"Link...can you hear me? It's Rauru, the Sage. We six will gather our power to create a bridge to the castle where Ganondorf dwells... The castle's keep, which is known as Ganon's Tower, is protected by six evil barriers. Bring down the six barriers and save Princess Zelda!!" — Rauru (Ocarina of Time)
↑"In all of his fury and might, he was blind to any danger, and thus was he exposed, subdued, and brought to justice." — Sage (Twilight Princess HD)
↑"By some divine prank, he, too, had been blessed with the chosen power of the gods. His abiding hatred and lust for power turned to purest malice..." — Sage (Twilight Princess HD)
↑"Only the true leader of the Twili can utterly destroy the Mirror of Twilight...so Zant could merely break it into pieces. Once broken by magic, the Mirror of Twilight became fragments, which even now lie hidden across the land of Hyrule. One is in the snowy mountain heights... One is in an ancient grove... And one is in the heavens..." — Six Sages (Twilight Princess HD)
↑"I hope you can find it in yourself to forgive our carelessness... O Twilight Princess." — Six Sages (Twilight Princess)
↑"実は、老輩はその昔、ハイラル王家に仕え ゼルダ様のご幼少のみぎりに 教育係を仰せつかっておりましてな (The truth is, I used to serve the Hyrule Royal Family by being the one appointed to educate Princess Zelda when she was young.)" — Auru (Twilight Princess, Japanese version)
Names in Other Regions 
